A voltage regulator normally takes a higher voltage and transforms it into a lower voltage.
The reason to install a voltage regulator is so that you don't have to power it via the USB or 5V input.
In other words to run Smoothieboard standalone via the Panel or Ethernet.
Recommended Voltage Regulator:
Brand: Recom
Model: R-78E5.0-0.5
Technical Documents: Spec Sheet
Which can be purchased from Robotseed or Uberclock
More power
If you are intending to power a ReprapDiscount Full Graphic LCD controller off 5V power supplied by an on-board regulator, you will most likely need a 1-Amp version of the regulator, as the backlight of the GLCD requires 250mA alone.
Recom part R-78E5.0-1.0 is the same size/pin configuration as the recommended part above.
It is available at Digikey, and likely at other major electronics component sites.
Either one needs to be soldered onto the board. There is a spot reserved for it on the board labeled VBB:
This is how it looks when soldered on:
